Abstract
Citrus aurantium extract and its primary protoalkaloidal constituent p-synephrine (Figure 1) are extensively used in weight management products and as thermogenic agents. They are also used in sports performance products to enhance stamina. C. aurantium extract is widely known as bitter orange extract, a product that is derived from the immature (green) fruits of the Seville orange. It is also known as “Chih-shi” or “Zhi shi” in traditional Chinese medicine. Bitter orange extract is used in weight management products due to its purported effects on metabolic processes, including an increase in basal metabolic rate and lipolysis as well as mild appetite suppression.
Main Ingredient
1.Flavonoids : Hesperidin、Neoheperidins、Naringin、Nuringin、Aurantin、Aurantiamarin、Auranetin、Lonicerin、Rhoifolin、Limonin、5-O-Desmethyl nobiletin、Nobiletin、Tengeretin.
2.Alkaloids: Synphrine、N-Methyltyamine、Octopamine、Tyramine、Hordenine、Quinoline、Quinoline、Tryptamine、Noradrenaline、Narcotine
3.Volatile oils : Limonene (90%), furfural, linalool, methyl anthranilate, etc., mainly present in the peel.
4.Organic acids: Tannic acid, Aurantiamaric acid, etc.
5.Other Ingredients : Vitamin A, B, C, P, Riboflavin, Pectin, etc.
Synephrine is the main active ingredient in lime fruit, which can effectively prevent energy excess (heat accumulation), wind and qi, warm stomach to promote appetite and accelerate metabolism. Lime theoretically accelerates fat metabolism and does not affect the cardiovascular system as a side effect of patients with ephedra. It is also a mild fragrant herbicide, a neuroleptic and a laxative for constipation.
Weight loss
The most likely explanation for the weight loss function of lime extract is the amphetamine-like effect of alkaloids. Although this effect is likely to be slightly worse than ephedra (ephedrine), unlike the activation of ephedra, users can expect variable effects including excessive consumption of calories, decreased appetite and increased satiety, all of which may lead to weight loss. A study of dogs also suggested that synephrine can increase metabolic rate in specific adipose tissue called brown fat tissue.
Slight stimulant
Studies have shown that the energizing effect of synephrine can stimulate the central nervous system. This integration may include increased blood circulation through the heart and brain tissue, elevated blood pressure and improved mental activity, which makes Synephrine easy to use as a mild stimulant.
Digestive system
According to the traditional method of use, citrus extract can enhance the function of the digestive tract by stimulating the stomach function by relaxing and reducing flatulence. This may also help to alleviate nausea and eliminate stomach turmoil such as flatulence and bloating.
Sterilization function
Citrus aurantium extract is a non-toxic organic sterilization product. It showed inhibition of bacterial growth during test tube tests and also inhibited the ability of certain viruses to infect. Therefore, the extract is widely used as a disinfectant solvent component, a food or cosmetic preservative and industrially as a fungicide, an antibacterial agent, a parasitic agent and an anti-viral agent.
Dose:
Synephrine has been recommended as a standard citrus extract. A daily dose of 4-20 mg of synephrine is used as a typical dose containing 200-600 mg of standard citrus extract product (3-6% synephrine).
Safety:
Purified synephrine and citrus extracts were shown to increase blood pressure in animal studies. Until more about the safety of tamping as a heat-generating supplement, pharmacological and efficacy studies should be used as ingredients with mild irritant properties and to avoid cardiovascular concerns such as high blood pressure and heart problems. Oral without any toxicity report. Care should be taken to prevent the agent from coming into contact with the eyes or inhaling its vapor.
